Q . Other British Policies
Which one of the following statements does not apply to the system of Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley?
2. Explanation:
○ The Subsidiary Alliance system was introduced by Lord Wellesley primarily to achieve the following objectives:
○ *To maintain a large standing army at other’s expense*: This allowed the British to have a military presence without bearing the full cost.
○ *To keep India safe from Napoleonic danger*: The alliance aimed to protect British interests in India from potential threats, including those posed by Napoleon.
○ *To establish British paramountcy over the Indian States*: By entering into alliances, the British could exert control over Indian princely states.
● Option C does not apply as the primary aim was not to secure a fixed income for the Company.
Q . Other British Policies
The object of the Butler Committee of 1927 was to
● A three -member committee headed by Harcourt Butler, appointed on December 16, 1927 to examine the relationship between the native states and the paramount power.
Q . Other British Policies
The Radcliffe Committee was appointed to
Q . Other British Policies
The Partition of Bengal made by Lord Curzon in 1905 lasted until.
● Option B: *King George V abrogated Curzon’s Act at the Royal Durbar in Delhi in 1911*
2. Explanation
○ The Partition of Bengal, implemented by Lord Curzon in 1905, was a significant administrative decision that divided Bengal into two provinces: East Bengal and Assam, and West Bengal.
○ This partition was met with widespread opposition and protests from the Indian populace, who viewed it as an attempt to divide and rule by creating religious and cultural divisions.
○ In response to the growing unrest and as a gesture to placate Indian sentiments, King George V announced the reversal of the partition during the Royal Durbar in Delhi in 1911.
○ This decision was aimed at reuniting Bengal and addressing the grievances of the Indian people, thereby ending the partition.
Q . Other British Policies
The Ilbert Bill controversy was related to the
● Option C: _Removal of disqualifications imposed on the Indian magistrates with regards to the trial of the Europeans_
2. Explanation
○ The Ilbert Bill Controversy of 1883 was a significant event during British rule in India.
○ It revolved around the proposal to allow Indian judges to preside over cases involving European defendants.
○ Prior to this, Indian magistrates were disqualified from trying Europeans, reflecting racial discrimination.
○ The bill, introduced by Sir Courtenay Ilbert, aimed to _remove these disqualifications_, promoting judicial equality.
○ However, it faced strong opposition from the European community in India, leading to widespread controversy and debate.
○ Ultimately, the bill was modified, highlighting the racial tensions and colonial attitudes of the time.
Q . Other British Policies
The Rowlatt Act aimed at
● The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on 18 March 1919
● It extended the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, incarceration without trial and judicial review enacted in the Defense of India Act 1915 during the First World War.
● It was enacted in light of a perceived threat from revolutionary nationalists to organizations of re-engaging in similar conspiracies as during the war which the Government felt the lapse of the Defense of India Act would enable
Q . Other British Policies
What was the purpose with which Sir William Wedderburn and W.S. Caine had set up the Indian Parliamentary Committee in 1893?
● Option A: *To agitate for Indian political reforms in the House of Commons*
2. Explanation:
○ In 1893, Sir William Wedderburn and W.S. Caine established the Indian Parliamentary Committee with the primary aim of advocating for political reforms concerning India within the British House of Commons.
○ The committee sought to ensure that Indian issues were adequately represented and discussed in the British Parliament, thereby influencing legislative changes that could benefit India.
○ This initiative was part of a broader effort to address grievances and push for reforms that would lead to better governance and increased political representation for Indians under British rule.
Q . Other British Policies
Who among the following Governor Generals created the Covenanted Civil Service of India which later came to be known as the Indian Civil Service?
● Option C: Cornwallis
2. Explanation
● Lord Cornwallis is credited with creating the Covenanted Civil Service of India, which later evolved into the Indian Civil Service (ICS).
● Key Contributions:
● Reforms: Cornwallis introduced significant administrative reforms, emphasizing merit-based recruitment and training for civil servants.
● Legacy: His efforts laid the foundation for a professional and efficient civil service, which played a crucial role in the administration of British India.
● Impact: The ICS became a prestigious institution, attracting talented individuals and ensuring effective governance.
● Conclusion: Cornwallis's reforms were pivotal in shaping the civil service structure in India.
Q . Other British Policies
By a regulation in 1793, the District Collector was deprived of his judicial powers and made the collecting agent only. What was the reason for such regulation?
● Background: The collector used to be the head of the revenue department in a district and also enjoyed extensive judicial and magisterial powers. Very high centralization of power in the hands of district collector.
Q . Other British Policies
During the Indian Freedom Struggle, why did Rowlatt Act arouse popular indignation?
Rowlatt Act authorised the Government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law.
Q . Other British Policies
Consider the following statements: 1. Warren Hastings was the first Governor General who established a regular police force in India on the British pattern. 2. A Supreme Court was established at Calcutta by the Regulating Act, 1773. 3. The Indian Penal Code came into effect in the year 1860. Which of the statements given above are correct?
● Statement 1 is incorrect as Lord Curzon was the first Governor General who established a regular police force in India on the British pattern.
● A Supreme Court was established at Fort Williams by the Regulating Act, 1773 with jurisdiction over Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
● The IPC was enacted in 1860, while the Indian Evidence Act came into effect in 1872 and the CrPC in 1973.
Q . Other British Policies
Who among the following repealed the Vernacular Press Act?
● Lord Lytton brought Vernacular Press Act came in to force in 1878. It was repealed by Lord Ripon in 1882.
Q . Other British Policies
During the colonial period in India, what was the purpose of the Whitley Commission?
● Option B: _To report on existing conditions of labor and to make recommendations_
2. Explanation
○ The Whitley Commission, officially known as the _Royal Commission on Labour in India_, was established during the colonial period to address labor issues.
○ Its primary purpose was to investigate the conditions of labor in India and provide recommendations for improvements.
○ The commission aimed to enhance the welfare of workers by examining various aspects such as wages, working hours, and living conditions.
○ This initiative was part of broader efforts to reform labor laws and improve the socio-economic conditions of the Indian workforce under British rule.
Q . Other British Policies
List-I (Year)
A. 1775
B. 1780
C. 1824
D. 1838
List-II (Event)
1. First Anglo-Burmese War
2. First Anglo-Afghan War
3. First Anglo-Maratha War
4. Second Anglo-Mysore War
Codes:
A B C D
|
First Anglo Burmese war |
● 5 March 1824 – 24 February 1826) was the first of three wars fought between the British and Burmese empires in the 19th century. ● The war, which began primarily over the control of Northeastern India, ended in a decisive British victory, giving the British total control of Assam, Manipur, Cachar and Jaintia as well as Arakan Province and Tenasserim. |
|
First Anglo Afghan war |
● It was fought between the British Empire and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842. ● Initially, the British successfully intervened in a succession dispute between emir Dost Mohammad and former emir Shah Shujah whom they installed upon conquering Kabul in August 1839. |
|
First Anglo Maratha war |
● The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha Wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. ● The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai. |
|
Second Anglo Mysore war |
● The Second Anglo–Mysore War was a conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company from 1780 to 1784. ● At the time, Mysore was a key French ally in India, and the conflict between Britain against the French and Dutch in the American Revolutionary War sparked Anglo–Mysorean hostilities in India. |
Q . Other British Policies
2. R: Discontent would have increased if every cultivator could read.
Background:
● On 16th March of 1911, Gokhale presented a Bill in the Legislative Council to make a stronger fight against the Government. The Bill, however, was more liberal and humble than the resolutions placed before and the main objective of the bill was to make primary education free and compulsory in a phased manner.
Q . Other British Policies
List-I
A. Butler Committee Report
B. Hurtog Committee Report
C. Hunter Inquiry
D. Muddiman Committee Report
List-II
1. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
2. Relationship between the Indian State and the Paramount Power
3. Working of Dyarchy as Committee Report laid down in the Montague Chelmsford Reforms
4. The growth of education in British India and potentialities of its further progress
Codes:
Correct Matches
- Butler Committee - Relation between Indian states & paramount power
- Hurtog Committee - Growth of British India education-its effects
- Hunter Commission – Enquiry of Jallianwalabagh massacre
- Muddiman Committee - Working of Diarchy as in Montague Chelmsford reforms
Q . Other British Policies
The significance of the Bengal Regulation of 1793 lies in the fact that
● Option C: *It accommodated the personal laws of Hindus and Muslims*
2. Explanation
○ The Bengal Regulation of 1793 was a significant legislative measure during British rule in India.
○ It was instrumental in recognizing and accommodating the personal laws of Hindus and Muslims, ensuring that their religious and cultural practices were respected in legal matters.
○ This regulation marked a departure from the imposition of English law on all subjects, acknowledging the diversity of the Indian populace.
○ By doing so, it laid the groundwork for a more inclusive legal system that considered the unique traditions and customs of different communities.
Q . Other British Policies
The first Indian ruler who joined the Subsidiary Alliance was
● Option B: The Nizam of Hyderabad
2. Explanation
○ The Subsidiary Alliance was a strategic policy introduced by Lord Wellesley, the then Governor-General of India, in the early 19th century.
○ It was designed to establish British dominance over Indian princely states by having them accept British forces within their territories and pay for their maintenance.
○ The first Indian ruler to join this alliance was the _Nizam of Hyderabad_ in 1798.
○ By entering into this alliance, the Nizam agreed to station British troops in his territory and effectively placed his foreign affairs under British control, ensuring the protection of his state from external threats.
Q . Other British Policies
1. Rowlatt Act
2. The Arms Act
3. The Vernacular Press Act
4. Abolition of duties on the import of coarse cotton goods
- Lord Lytton (1831 – 1891)
o The Arms Act - 1878
o The Vernacular Press Act - 1879
o Abolition of duties on the import of coarse cotton goods - 1879
- Rowlatt act- 1919
Q . Other British Policies
Which one of the following was the state that was not annexed by Lord Dalhousie by using the Doctrine of Lapse?
● Option C: Mysore
2. Explanation
○ The Doctrine of Lapse was a policy implemented by Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. This policy allowed the British East India Company to annex any princely state where the ruler did not have a direct heir.
● _Nagpur_, _Udaipur_, and _Satara_ were among the states annexed under this doctrine.
● _Mysore_ was not annexed using the Doctrine of Lapse. Instead, it was restored to its original royal family after a period of British administration, making it an exception to the policy.
○ Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: Mysore.
Q . Other British Policies
1. Hunter Commission
2. Charles Wood’s Dispatch
3. Sadler Commission
4. Raleigh Commission
Their correct chronological sequence is:
Chronological Order
- Charles Wood’s Dispatch – 1854
- Hunter Commission – 1882
- Raleigh Commission – 1902
- Sadler Commission – 1917
Q . Other British Policies
Railway and Telegraphy systems were introduced in India by
Q . Other British Policies
Indianisation of the Civil Services was done by
Lytton established the Statutory Civil Service in 1878-79, with one-sixth of covenanted posts filled by Indians of high families through nominations by local governments subject to approval by the secretary of state and the viceroy.
Q . Other British Policies
Ilbert Bill was prepared for abolishing judicial disqualification based on racial distinction. The bill was vehemently criticised by the Europeans living in India. Who was the Governor-General at that time?
● (a) Lord Ripon
2. Explanation
○ The Ilbert Bill was introduced in 1883 during the tenure of _Lord Ripon_, who served as the Governor-General of India from 1880 to 1884.
○ The bill aimed to remove racial discrimination in the judiciary by allowing Indian judges to preside over cases involving European defendants.
○ The proposal faced strong opposition from the European community in India, who were against the idea of being tried by Indian judges.
○ Despite the criticism, Lord Ripon was committed to implementing reforms that promoted equality and justice, reflecting his liberal policies.
Q . Other British Policies
Who among the following Governors General introduced the system of Dual System of Government?
● Option C: Lord Clive
2. Explanation
○ The system of *Dual System of Government* was introduced by Lord Clive in Bengal in 1765.
○ This system was established after the Battle of Buxar, where the British East India Company gained significant control over Bengal.
○ Under this system, the Company acquired the *Diwani rights*, which allowed them to collect revenue, while the Nawab retained the *Nizamat* functions, such as maintaining law and order.
○ This arrangement allowed the British to exercise power without direct responsibility, marking a significant step in the establishment of British rule in India.
Q . Other British Policies
Who among the following attended all the three Round Table Conferences?
● Option D: B. R. Ambedkar
2. Explanation
○ The Round Table Conferences were a series of three conferences organized by the British government to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
● Madan Mohan Malaviya attended the first and second conferences but not the third.
● Mahatma Gandhi attended only the second conference as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.
● Sarojini Naidu participated in the second and third conferences but not the first.
● B. R. Ambedkar was the only leader who attended all three conferences, advocating for the rights of the "Depressed Classes" and playing a significant role in the discussions.
Q . Other British Policies
The India-Pakistan boundary line has reference to
● Option B: Radcliffe Line
2. Explanation
○ The boundary line between *India* and *Pakistan* is known as the Radcliffe Line.
○ It was named after *Sir Cyril Radcliffe*, who was the chairman of the Boundary Commissions for both India and Pakistan during the partition in 1947.
○ The Radcliffe Line was drawn to demarcate the territories of the two newly independent nations.
○ Other options mentioned are not related to the India-Pakistan boundary:
○ *McMohan Line* refers to the boundary between India and China.
○ *Durand Line* is the boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
○ *Maginot Line* was a line of fortifications built by France along its border with Germany.
Q . Other British Policies
Doctrine of Lapse was adopted as a measure to annex Indian states by
● Option C: Lord Dalhousie
2. Explanation
○ The *Doctrine of Lapse* was a policy implemented by the British East India Company in India during the mid-19th century.
○ It was introduced by Lord Dalhousie, who served as the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.
○ The doctrine stated that any princely state or territory under the suzerainty of the British East India Company would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent" or died without a direct heir.
○ This policy was used to annex several Indian states, including Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur, significantly expanding British control in India.
Q . Other British Policies
Who introduced the ‘Civil Services’ in India?
● Option D: Lord Cornwallis
2. Explanation
○ *Lord Cornwallis* is often referred to as the "Father of the Indian Civil Service."
○ He introduced significant reforms in the administration of British India during his tenure as Governor-General from 1786 to 1793.
○ His reforms laid the foundation for a structured and efficient civil service system.
○ The introduction of the *Permanent Settlement* and the establishment of a professional civil service were key aspects of his administration.
○ These reforms aimed to create a more organized and accountable governance structure, which was crucial for the British colonial administration in India.