1. Correct Answer: Option B: Lord Clive 2. Explain the Logic: ● Lord Clive: Known as Robert Clive, he played a pivotal role in transforming the East India Company from a mere trading entity into a formidable regional power in India. His victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked the beginning of British political control in India, establishing the foundation for British dominance.
● Lord Warren Hastings: He was the first Governor-General of India, known for administrative reforms but not for the initial transformation of the company into a regional power.
● Lord Dalhousie: Known for the Doctrine of Lapse and infrastructure development, but his contributions came later.
● Lord Wellesley: Expanded British territories through the Subsidiary Alliance System, but his efforts were subsequent to Clive's foundational work.
He was a British
colonial administrator, who served as the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal) and also
the first Governor-General of Bengal from 1772 to1785.
Hastings and Robert Clive are credited with laying the foundation of the British Empire
in India.
During his tenure, the first and second Anglo-Mysore wars were fought.
Hastings played a key role in the abolishment of the Dual System that had been
established by Sir Robert Clive.
Under the Dual System, the company had Diwani
rights (that is right to collect revenue), and the Indian rulers had the power
over administrative authority.
To collect the revenue a Board of Revenue was set up at Calcutta
and it became the capitalof Bengal in the year 1772.
Also, the treasury
was transferred from Murshidabad to the new capital.
He implemented
several Judicial reforms, first was the abolishment of the judicial powers of Zamindars.
Civil and Criminal courts along with two Appellate courts were established
at Calcutta.
Warren Hastings ended the system of dastaks that were highly misused by the
traders.
To create uniformity in the trade he implemented a uniform tariff of 2.5% for Indian and
foreign goods.
At last, Hastings faced impeachment proceedings for wrongdoing during his tenure in
Calcutta but later he was acquitted.
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