1. Boycott of law-courts and foreign cloth:
           ○ This was indeed a part of the Non-Cooperation Programme. The movement encouraged the boycott of British goods, including foreign cloth, and the boycott of British institutions, including law courts, to resist colonial rule.

    2. Observance of strict non-violence:
           ○ Non-violence was a fundamental principle of the Non-Cooperation Movement, as advocated by Mahatma Gandhi. The movement aimed to achieve its goals through peaceful means without resorting to violence.

    3. Retention of titles and honours without using them in public:
           ○ This was not a part of the Non-Cooperation Programme. The movement encouraged the renunciation of titles and honours conferred by the British as a form of protest against colonial rule.

    4. Establishment of Panchayats for settling disputes:
           ○ The establishment of Panchayats was encouraged as part of the movement to promote self-reliance and self-governance, reducing dependence on British judicial systems.

  ● Conclusion:  
        ○ Statements 1, 2, and 4 were part of the Non-Cooperation Programme, while statement 3 was not. Therefore, only three of the given subjects were part of the programme.

• Statement 1 is correct: The Non-Cooperation Movement, initiated by the Indian National Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, aimed at the attainment of 'Swaraj' (self-rule) by all legitimate and peaceful means. This was a fundamental objective of the movement, reflecting the Congress's commitment to achieving independence through non-violent methods.   
• Statement 2 is correct: The movement was designed to be implemented in stages, with the initial phase focusing on non-cooperation with the British government. The plan included escalating to civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes if 'Swaraj' was not achieved within a year and if the government resorted to repression. This strategic approach was intended to apply pressure on the colonial authorities while maintaining a non-violent stance.  

• Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant provided legal defense to those arrested following the Chauri Chaura incident. This incident occurred on February 4, 1922, when a large group of protesters participating in the non-cooperation movement clashed with police, leading to the death of 22 policemen.   
• Madan Mohan Malaviya was a prominent Indian leader and lawyer known for his role in the Indian independence movement. He was instrumental in defending the accused in this case, showcasing his commitment to justice and legal advocacy.  
• Krishna Kant assisted Malaviya in the legal defense, highlighting their joint efforts to ensure a fair trial for the accused individuals. 

  1. Boycott of law-courts and foreign cloth: This was indeed a part of the Non-Cooperation Programme. The movement encouraged the boycott of British goods, including foreign cloth, and the boycott of British institutions, including law courts, to resist colonial rule.
  2. Observance of strict non-violence: Non-violence was a fundamental principle of the Non-Cooperation Movement, as advocated by Mahatma Gandhi. The movement aimed to achieve its goals through peaceful means without resorting to violence.
  3. Retention of titles and honours without using them in public: This was not a part of the Non-Cooperation Programme. The movement encouraged the renunciation of titles and honours conferred by the British as a form of protest against colonial rule.
  4. Establishment of Panchayats for settling disputes: The establishment of Panchayats was encouraged as part of the movement to promote self-reliance and self-governance, reducing dependence on British judicial systems.

 ● Explanation of Statement 1: 
 ○ The Non-Cooperation Movement, initiated by the Indian National Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, aimed at achieving 'Swaraj' or self-rule. The Congress indeed declared the attainment of 'Swaraj' by all legitimate and peaceful means as its primary objective. This was a significant shift from earlier methods, emphasizing non-violent resistance and non-cooperation with the British authorities.
 ● Explanation of Statement 2: 
 ○ The movement was designed to be implemented in stages. Initially, it involved the boycott of government schools, colleges, law courts, and foreign goods. The plan was to escalate to civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes if the British government did not concede to the demands within a year and if it resorted to repression. This strategic approach was intended to apply increasing pressure on the colonial government while maintaining a non-violent stance.
 ● Conclusion: 
 ○ Both statements accurately reflect the strategic planning and objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement, making option C the correct choice.

 ○ The Chauri Chaura incident occurred on February 4, 1922, when a large group of protesters participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement clashed with police, leading to the death of three civilians and 22 policemen.
 ○ In the aftermath, many people were arrested and charged with serious offenses.
 ○ Madan Mohan Malaviya, a prominent Indian leader and freedom fighter, along with Krishna Kant, provided legal defense to those arrested. Malaviya was known for his legal acumen and commitment to justice, which he demonstrated by defending the accused in this case.
 ○ This incident led to Mahatma Gandhi calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement, as he was deeply disturbed by the violence.

• Statement 1 is correct: Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee was the leader of Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: C. Rajagopalachari was not the leader of the Socialist Party; he led the Swatantra Party.
• Statement 3 is correct: Jagjivan Ram was associated with the Congress for Democracy.
• Statement 4 is incorrect: Acharya Narendra Dev was not the leader of the Swatantra Party; he was associated with the Socialist Party.
• Therefore, only pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched.

•   Quit India Resolution: 1942

•   Expansion of Viceroy’s Executive Council: 1861

•   Resignation of congress ministeries: 1939

•   Cripps proposal: March 1942

●  The Rowlatt committee was a sedition committee set up in 1917 to look up the growing terrorism in India against the British government. The act extended the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, incarceration without trial and judicial review

●  The Home Rule League was prominent from 1916 to 1918. Gandhi ji had incorporated many big and small organization of national interest into this protest against the Rowlatt Act and All India Home Rule League was amongst them.

●  The Simon Commission was sent to India in 1927 while the Rowlatt Satyagraha happened in 1919.

●  Statement 1 is incorrect: Lord Wavell was the Viceroy when Shimla Conference took place in June, 1945.

●  The Jallianwala Bagh massacre Hunter Commission, a 1919 investigation into a British massacre that killed 379 Indian civilians headed by William Hunter, Lord Hunter

Edwin Montague, condemned Jallianwalla Bagh massacre’s severity, and called it as “Preventive Murder”. C.F.Andrews called Jallianwala Massacre as ruthless Murder.

Chronological sequence

August Offer–1940

Quit India Movement–1942

INA Trial–1945

Royal Indian Navy Ratings Revolt– 1946

•   The extremist leaders did not believe in the soft and persuasive approach. They took more aggressive stance.

•   The Ghadar Party, originally known as the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, was founded on July 15, 1913 in the United States by Lala Har Dayal, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Baba Jawala Singh, Santokh Singh, and Sohan Singh Bhakna.

•   Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements were launched in 1920.

•   The two movements emerged from separate issues, but they adopted a common programme of action that of non- violent and non-cooperation.

•   There was increasing Hindu-Muslim unity against the British.

Chronological Order

•   Singh Sabha Movement – 1870s

•   Gurdwara Reform Movement – 1920’s

•   Dandi March – 12 Mar 1930 to 6 Apr 1930

•   Quit India Movement – 8 August 1942

•   His Drain of wealth theory that exposed the economic exploitation of colonized rule was the most effective contribution of Dadabhai Nauroji.

Correct Matches

•   Madan Mohan Malviya - Hindu Mahasabha

•   Sohan Singh Bhakna - Ghadr Movement

•   Annie Besant - Theosophical Society of India

•   Rajagopalachari - Swatantra Party

Correct Matches

Leader  Organization

M. N. Roy  Communist International

C. R. Das  Swarajist Party

Chandra Shekhar Azad  Hindustan Socialist Republican Association

Acharya Narendra  Congress Socialist Party

Foundation of Muslim League - 1906

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre - 1919

Khilafat Movement - 2020

Civil Disobedience Movement – 1930-32

•   The Non Cooperation movement of 1920 started after the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwalla Massacre of 1919 and ended after the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922.

•   The Non Cooperation movement was Gandhi’s first movement that involved mass civil disobedience as a methodology.

•   The earlier movements like Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda movements were localized in nature.

Civil Disobedience Movement: Mahatma Gandhi

Indian Home Rule League: B. G. Tilak

Moderate leader: G. K. Gokhale

Brahmo Samaj: Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Bengal was a highly politically active province of India and a centre of National movement. One of the reson for its partition was to weaken it by dividing the Hindus of the West and the East Bengal and increasing Hindu-Muslim tensions. This was the ‘Divide and Rule’ policy of the British government.

•   Indian national movement became organized for the first time during the period of Swadeshi movement in 1905-06.

•   The movement was stated by the Indian against the partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon.

•   It was for the first time the organized mass resistance was seen against the British government in India.

•   In this period the congress leadership shifted to extremist leaders like Lal-Bal-Pal.

•   The extremist leaders involved wider sections of people in the movement in an organized manner.

•   They involved lower middle class people also.

•   They tried to instil self-respect and patriotism in the people by invoking past heroes like Ashoka, Shivaji, Maharana Pratap and Rani Laxmibai.

•   Khilafat was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by:

o  Shaukat Ali,

o  Maulana Mohammad Ali,

o  Hakim Ajmal Khan, and

o  Abul Kalam Azad.

•   It was aimed to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate.

•   Mohammed Ali Jinnah was not associated with this movement

The chronological sequence is Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), Dandi March (1930) and Quit India Movement (1942).

•   Swadeshi Movement (1905),

•   Home Rule League (1916),

•   Bardoli Movement (1928) &

•   Round Table Conference (1930-32).

Simon commission arrived in British India to study constitutional reform in 1927.

Gandhi-Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931.

Salt Satyagraha took place in 1930.

Quit India Movement was started on 8^th August 1942.

Dandi March – 12 Mar 1930 – 6 Apr 1930

Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy – 13 April 1919

Chauri Chaura Incident – 4 February 1922

Partition of Begal – 16 October 1905

•   Non-Cooperation movement (NCM) was suspended by Gandhi due to the violent event of Chauri Chaura.

Rowlatt Act – Feb 1919

Jallianwallah Bagh Tragedy – April 1919

Hunter Report – May 1920