Geology IAS Paper 2 UPSC 2016 with Solutions

Geology Optional Paper 2 UPSC 2016 - Question Paper with Solutions 

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SEC TION-A

1. Attempt the following questions with suitable diagrams:

Geology 1a Differentiate between magmatic differentiation and assimilation. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 1b Discuss the basic differences in the crystal structures, physical and optical properties of pyroxene and amphibole. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 1c Enumerate briefly on how the clastic rocks are classified on the basis of their grain-size. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 1d Describe briefly the different types of twinning commonly found in minerals. Comment upon causes of twinning. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 1e Explain why all pleochroic minerals are anisotropic but all anisotropic minerals are not pleochroic. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 2a With neat sketches describe the symmetry elements and forms of the normal class of the orthorhombic system. Name three minerals of this class. UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 2b Give an account of the atomic structure, chemical composition, and physical and optical properties of the minerals of mica group. UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 2c A mineral section remains dark in all positions under crossed polars. How would you proceed to determine whether the mineral is (i) isotropic, (ii) uniaxial or (iii) biaxial? UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 3a Discuss Bowen's Reaction Series. What is its significance in the process of crystallization of magma? UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 3b Briefly discuss the classification of sandstones. What is the general tectonic environment in which quartz arenites are found? UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 3c With neat sketches describe the textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 4a Discuss the origin of anorthosites. UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 4b What are heavy minerals? Discuss their significance in sedimentological studies. UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 4c Write notes on UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 4c i ACF diagram

Geology 4c ii AKF diagram

SECTION-B

5. Answer the following questions with suitable sketches wherever necessary: 

Geology 5a In a mineral, the refractive indices are determined as 1-548 and 5 = 1-634. Calculate the birefringence of the mineral and comment on its optic nature. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 5b Briefly discuss the different ore-forming processes in sedimentary environment. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 5c What is rank of coal? Discuss the general changes that coal may undergo during its increase in rank. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 5d Describe the distribution of gold deposits in India. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 5e Describe the mineralogy, chemical composition and occurrences of manganese nodules in Indian Ocean. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 6a How oil reserves are formed and accumulated in nature? What are the different types of oil traps? Illustrate with neat diagrams. UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 6b Discuss briefly the problem of fluoride contamination in groundwater giving emphasis on its distribution and related health hazards. UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 6c What is an earthquake? Discuss briefly the main causes of earthquake. How earthquake intensity is measured? UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 7a What are the common methods adopted for resistivity survey in an area? Describe briefly their field procedures and working principle. Also discuss advantages disadvantages of the methods. UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 7b Describe briefly the geochemical classification of elements. Add a note on the role of trace elements in magmatic crystallisation. UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 7c Discuss briefly the 'National Mineral Policy'. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks

Geology 8a What are the differences between Banded Iron Formation and Ironstone? Why there is minimum/no detritus found in Banded Iron Formation? UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 8b Give a brief description of mode of occurrence and distribution in India of Bauxite deposits. UPSC 2016, 20 Marks

Geology 8c Enumerate the legislative measures in India for environment protection. UPSC 2016, 10 Marks