Geology IFS Paper 2 UPSC 2021 with Solutions

Geology Optional Paper 2 UPSC 2021 - Question Paper with Solutions 

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SECTION-A

Geology 1a What are 'Symmetry elements' in crystallography? Write the symmetry elements of normal class of tetragonal system. (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 1b Describe inosilicate structure with examples. (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 1c Petrographically differentiate between the following rock types: (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 1c i Granite and Syenite

Geology 1c ii Basalt and Anorthosite

Geology 1d Write a note on agents of metamorphism. (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 1e Discuss the depositional environment for carbonate rocks. (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 2a Discuss the process of extinction in anisotropic minerals. Describe the different types of extinction in minerals with examples. (IFS 2021/10 Marks)

Geology 2b Give a detailed account of the twinning in minerals. (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 2c What is magmatic differentiation? Discuss various differentiation processes involved in magma modification. (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 3a Write a brief account of ACF diagram. (IFS 2021/10 Marks)

Geology 3b Discuss the crystal structure, classification, composition, physical and optical properties of feldspar group of minerals. (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 3c What are sedimentary structures? Describe the sedimentary structures produced on top of the bedding plane. (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 4a What is metasomatism? Write a brief account of metasomatic processes. (IFS 2021/10 Marks)

Geology 4b Differentiate between: (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 4b i Matrix and Cement

Geology 4b ii Diagenesis and Lithification

Geology 4b iii Clastic and Non-clastic sedimentary rocks

Geology 4c Give the classification of sandstone based on its detrital component and matrix. (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

SECTION B

Geology 5a Describe the methods of ore reserve estimation. (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 5b Describe the conditions necessary for the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 5c What is Sampling? Describe briefly the techniques of sampling in mineral exploration. (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 5d Discuss the strategy adopted for the storage and disposal of radioactive waste. (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 5e Discuss the hazards caused due to industrial waste. (IFS 2021/8 Marks)

Geology 6a Give a brief account of mineralogy, classification and distribution of iron-ores in India. (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 6b Define Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Add a note on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). (IFS 2021/10 Marks)

Geology 6c Discuss the structure, composition and elemental distribution of our Solar System. (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 7a Describe the Petroleum deposits of India. (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 7b What are Pathfinder Elements? Give a detailed account of geobotanical prospecting. (IFS 2021/10 Marks)

Geology 7c Differentiate between: (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 7c i Isomorphism and Polymorphism

Geology 7c ii Planar and Rotational Slides

Geology 7c iii Magnitude and Intensity of Earthquake

Geology 8a What is Ore Beneficiation? Briefly explain floatation method of separation. (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 8b Discuss the environmental hazards caused due to: (IFS 2021/15 Marks)

Geology 8b i Open cast mining

Geology 8b ii Use of fertilizers

Geology 8b iii Unplanned urbanization

Geology 8c Describe the various environmental protection laws of India. (IFS 2021/10 Marks)