Geology IFS Paper 2 UPSC 2013 with Solutions

Geology Optional Paper 2 UPSC 2013 - Question Paper with Solutions 

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SECTION-A

1. Answer the following:

Geology 1a Write briefly about the isometric system, and enlist four mineral examples with chemical composition for each. (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 1b Discuss in short the Mohs scale of hardness, listing the designated minerals of the scale. Is diamond ten times harder than talc? Justify your answer. (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 1c Write about the parameters affecting the specific gravity of minerals. Does specific gravity help mineral identification? Give examples. (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 1d Enumerate any two types of twinning in minerals with neat sketches and examples. (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 1e Explain the importance of X-ray diffraction in understanding crystal structures. (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 2a Classification of silicate mineral structures with neat diagrams. (IFS 2013/20 Marks)

Geology 2b Utility of ACF and AKF diagrams. (IFS 2013/20 Marks)

Geology 3a Give a tabular classification of non-clastic rocks. Add briefly about their depositional environment. (IFS 2013/20 Marks)

Geology 3b Give an account of garnet group of minerals, and their significance in understanding the grades of metamorphism. (IFS 2013/20 Marks)

Geology 4a Skarn structure. (IFS 2013/10 Marks)

Geology 4b Piezoelectricity. (IFS 2013/10 Marks)

Geology 4c Twinkling. (IFS 2013/10 Marks)

Geology 4d Load casts. (IFS 2013/10 Marks)

SECTION-B

5. Answer the following:

Geology 5a Distinguish between the following: (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 5i Ore and Gangue minerals. 

Geology 5ii Pit and Trench. 

Geology 5iii Peat and Bog. 

Geology 5iv Magnetite and Pyrolusite

Geology 5b Explain the following processes: (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 5i Sublimation

Geology 5ii Residual concentration

Geology 5iii Saline incursion

Geology 5iv Lateritisation

Geology 5c Give the geological and geographical distribution in India of the following deposits: (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 5i Magmatic iron ore

Geology 5ii Manganese ore

Geology 5iii Copper ore

Geology 5iv Peat

Geology 5d Write very brief notes on the following: (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 5i Stoney meteorites

Geology 5ii Tenor of ore

Geology 5iii Abrasive minerals

Geology 5iv Nifé

Geology 5e Discuss briefly the following: (IFS 2013/8 Marks)

Geology 5i P-waves

Geology 5ii Tephra

Geology 5iii Jaw crusher

Geology 5iv REE

Geology 6a Discuss the geobotanical method of prospecting, adding a note on the relevant technique of sampling. (IFS 2013/25 Marks)

Geology 6b Briefly describe the stratigraphic controls of hydrocarbon prospecting. (IFS 2013/15 Marks)

Geology 7a Describe the various methods of reserve estimation of ore deposits. (IFS 2013/25 Marks)

Geology 7b Explain briefly the National Mineral Policy. (IFS 2013/15 Marks)

Geology 8a Discuss what important structures would be encountered if one takes a journey from the earth surface to the periphery of its core. (IFS 2013/20 Marks)

Geology 8b Explain the hazards escalated due to excessive anthropological interference with the normal environmental stability. (IFS 2013/20 Marks)