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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • Indian Foreign Policy: Determinants of foreign policy; the institutions of policy-making; Continuity and change.

    • Determinants of Foreign Policy
    • Origin of India’s foreign policy
      • Explain the philosophical foundations of India's foreign policy.
      • Comment: Pre-independence origins of India’s foreign policy.
    • National Security Council of India
      • In the context of developments on the nuclear weapons front in the neighbourhood, do you think that any change in India’s defence strategy is indicated?
      • Describe the structure and function of the National Security Council of India. What role does it play in the formulation of Indian foreign policy?
    • Impact of coalition politics
      • How do the constituent states influence the foreign policy making process in India?
      • Explain the impact of coalition politics on India’s Foreign Policy since late 1990s.
    • Impact of Geographical location in India’s Foreign Policy
      • How is India responding to the idea of Indo-Pacific?
      • Examine the increasing significance of maritime security in India’s foreign policy.
      • Examine the Indian National Movement and geographical location of India as determinants of India’s foreign policy.
      • “Domestic turmoil in neighbouring South Asian countries often constitutes a strain on Indian foreign policy.” Discuss with illustrations.
    • Challenges to India’s Foreign Policy
      • “Federal units are critical in the making of India’s foreign policy.” Examine this statement with reference to the role of West Bengal vis-a-vis Bangladesh.
      • What have been the main challenges to India’s foreign policy in the last two decades? Are these essentially ‘concerns’ with domestic politics or ‘strategic’ issues? (200 words)
    • Criticism of India’s Foreign Policy
      • “Domestic problems and historic legacies, apart from other factors, constitute major strains on Indian foreign policy.” Discuss this statement with suitable examples.
      • Present a critique of India’s foreign policy.
    • Institutions of Policy-Making
      • The Ministry of External Affairs is losing its importance in the making of India’s foreign policy with the parallel rise of the P.M.O. Explain.
      • Assess the scope and importance of setting up the Public Diplomacy Division in the Ministry of External Affairs in strengthening India’s Foreign Policy.
    • Role of Parliament in India’s Foreign Policy
      • Examine the role of ‘parliamentary diplomacy’ in India’s foreign policy.
      • How does the Parliament determine and influence the making of India’s foreign policy?
    • Continuity and change
      • “The economic content of India’s Foreign trade is increasingly growing.” Substantiate the statement with economic diplomatic engagements of India in the last decade.
      • Identify the elements of change in India’s Foreign Policy.
      • “India's Foreign Policy could have matched with the fast-changing international system.” Dismiss it.
    • Shifts in Foreign Policy
      • Would you concur with the view that of late, India's foreign policy has been in a transition mode from Nehruvianism to Neoliberalism? Support your answer with the help of suitable examples.
      • “India’s current foreign policy marks significant qualitative shifts from that of the previous regimes.” Discuss.
    • Elements of India’s foreign policy
      • Explain the major features of India's Foreign Policy in the 21st century.
      • Peaceful co-existence remains the cornerstone of India’s foreign policy. Comment.
      • Discuss the role of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) in promoting India’s soft power abroad.
      • “India is often said to have a rich strategic culture.” Discuss.
      • Which determinant factors play an important role in making India’s foreign policy? Illustrate with examples.
      • The social structure of a country influences its foreign policy-making. How does the social structure of India impact the course and direction of its foreign policy?
      • Comment on the essential elements of India’s foreign policy that are required to secure energy and security in the Indian Ocean region. (150 words)
      • To what extent is multi-lateralism a reality with regard to India’s ‘constructive strategic partnership’ with Central Asian states?
      • Comment: Potentials of Non-conventional energy sources
    • Do you agree with the view that the Indian Foreign Policy is increasingly being shaped by the Neoliberal outlook? Elaborate.
  1. UPSC Optionals
  2. PSIR Optional
  3. Indian Foreign Policy: Determinants of foreign policy; the institutions of policy-making; Continuity and change.
  4. Elements of India’s foreign policy

The social structure of a country influences its foreign policy-making. How does the social structure of India impact the course and direction of its foreign policy? (UPSC 2015, 10 Marks, )

  1. Posted by: Synopsis IAS
  2. Posted on:21 July 2025
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