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  • INDIAN CONSTITUTION: FEATURES & SIGNIFICANT PROVISIONS

    • Preamble
      • What was the amendment made, in 1976, in the Preamble of our Constitution? Discuss its significance.
      • Discuss the political, social and economic characteristics of the Indian State.
      • What are the major commitments of the Constitution of India as incorporated in its Preamble?
      • Why is India called a Republic?
      • Discuss the secular nature of Indian Polity and the position of minorities in India.
      • Indicate the provisions of Indian Constitution relating to secularism.
      • The Preamble to the Constitution is aimed to embody the fundamental values and the philosophy on which the Constitution is based. Elucidate.
      • What is the significance of a Preamble to a Constitution? Bring out the philosophy of the Indian polity as enshrined in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.
      • What is ‘social justice’ in the context of Indian economy?
      • What is Gandhian economy?
      • What is a rogue state?
      • Discuss each adjective attached to the word ‘Republic’ in the Preamble. Are they defendable in the present circumstances?
    • What are the constitutional rights of the citizens of India? What do you think about the demand of the NRIs for dual citizenship?
    • Schedules
      • What is the content of the 10th Schedule of the Constitution of India?
      • Four more languages were added to the 8th Schedule of the Constitution through two Amendments. Give the names of these four languages as also the serial number of Amendments.
      • What are the protections afforded to Scheduled Tribes in the Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?
      • Why are the tribals in India referred to as ‘the Scheduled Tribes’? Indicate the major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment.
    • Concurrent List
      • What is the purpose of having a concurrent list in the Constitution of India?
      • Why was “education” taken out of the State list and inserted in the concurrent list?
      • Mention any three important entries in the Concurrent list in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
      • Why was Education taken out of the State List and inserted in the concurrent list of the Indian Constitution?
      • What is the purpose of having a concurrent list in the Constitution of India?
      • What were the objectives in having three separate legislative lists in the Constitution of India? Can the Parliament make laws about any item in the State list? If so, under what situation? Does any of the issues arising from the above give rise to Union-State controversies?
      • Why was ‘education’ taken out of the State list and inserted in the concurrent list?
      • Mention any three important entries in the Concurrent list in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
    • Oath
      • Why does the Constitution of India contain different forms of Oath for the President, the Ministers, the Legislators and the members of the Judiciary? Discuss their significance.
      • Why does the Constitution of India provide different forms of Oaths for the President, the Ministers, the Legislators and the members of the judiciary? Discuss their significance.
    • Article 12-13
      • Differentiate between the ‘due process of law’ and ‘the procedure established by law’ in the context of deprivation of personal liberty in India.
      • What do you understand by the term ‘Rule of Law’? How does the Constitution of India seek to establish it?
    • Article 14-18: Right to equality
      • What do you understand by positive discrimination?
      • What is meant by ‘equal protection of law’?
      • On what grounds does Article 15 of the Indian Constitution prohibit discrimination? Indicate the way the concept of ‘Special protection’ has qualified this prohibition, and contributed to social change.
      • Discuss how the Constitution of India provides Equal rights.
      • Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India.
    • Article 19
      • In many democratic countries, radio and television are not under the control of the State. Do you think that the same policy should be adopted in India? Mention briefly the points in favor of and against such a step.
      • The press in India is free to publish any news and views except those which are objectionable from the point of view of the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, etc. What steps have been taken recently by the Government to prevent monopoly of the management of newspapers, to encourage the growth of small newspapers, and to prevent the exploitation of working journalists and other employees of Indian newspapers?
      • What are the constitutional limitations on the free movements of Indians throughout the country?
      • What are the “reasonable restrictions” mentioned in the Indian Constitution accompanying the Fundamental Rights?
      • What do you understand by the concept “freedom of speech and expression”? Does it cover hate speech also? Why do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other forms of expression? Discuss.
      • Discuss Section 66A of the IT Act, with reference to its alleged violation of Article 19 of the Constitution.
      • “Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute.” Comment.
    • Article 20 and 22
      • What do you understand by “preventive detention”?
      • Distinguish between preventive detention and punitive detention.
      • Explain the meaning of ex post-facto legislation.
      • What is meant by ‘double jeopardy’?
    • Article 21
      • State the amplitude of Article 21 of the Constitution.
      • What is right to life and personal liberty? How have the courts expanded its meaning in recent years?
      • What are the Rights within the ambit of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution?
      • Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulations on burning crackers during Diwali? Discuss in the light of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and Judgement(s) of the Apex Court in this regard.
      • Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy.
      • “The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court.” Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.
      • "The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society." Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty.
      • Right to privacy is intrinsic to life and personal liberty and is inherently protected under Article 21 of the constitution. Explain. In this reference discuss the law relating to D.N.A. testing of child in the womb to establish its paternity.
    • Article 23-24: Rights against exploitation
      • What is the purpose of Article 24 of the Constitution of India?
      • What specific provisions exist in the Constitution of India about child labor?
      • Discuss the constitutional provisions regarding the Rights of children.
    • Article 25-28: Right to freedom of religion
      • What is dealt with in Article 25 of Indian Constitution? What was the controversy about it recently?
      • Give your views on the right to freedom of religion as enshrined in the Indian Constitution. Do they make India a secular State?
      • It is the duty of the majority to instil confidence in the minority. Conversely, the minorities must also look beyond narrow sectarian interests and work for the larger goal of a real secular society in India. Evaluate in the light of the spirit of the Indian Constitution and the Indian experience.
    • Article 29-30: Cultural and Educational Rights
      • For what purpose was the Ranganath Mishra Commission appointed?
      • Explain the concept of Minorities in the Indian Constitution and mention the safeguards provided therein for their protection.
      • Discuss the secular nature of Indian Polity and the position of minorities in India.
      • What are the provisions regarding the protection of Linguistic minorities in the Constitution?
      • What is the special facility provided to the linguistic minorities under Article 350 A?
    • Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies
      • What is meant by Habeas Corpus? What is the purpose of a writ of Habeas Corpus?
      • Discuss the importance of Article 32 of the Indian Constitution.
      • Define the writ of Certiorari.
      • Define Writ of Mandamus. Explain its importance.
      • The writ of Mandamus will not be granted against certain persons. Who are they?
      • What are the various writs available to the citizens of India?
      • Why is Article 32 considered as the cornerstone of the Constitution?
      • The Writ of Mandamus cannot be granted against certain persons. Who are they?
      • What is Habeas Corpus?
      • What is the common point between Articles 14 and 226 of the Indian Constitution?
      • Is the High Courts’ power to issue ‘writs’ wider than that of the Supreme Court of India?
      • What is the importance of Right to Constitutional Remedies?
    • Right to property
      • Bring out the significance of the Fundamental Rights provided in the Constitution of India. The right to acquire, hold and dispose of property has ceased to be a fundamental right. Examine the purpose of the change involved.
      • What is the present status of the Right to Property?
      • What is the present status of the right to property as a Fundamental Right?
      • What is the status of the right to property in the Indian Constitution?
    • Reservation rights
      • Why has there been reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Tribes in the legislatures and in public services? Has the purpose been achieved? Indicate recent developments.
      • The Backward Classes Commission, which was constituted under the Chairmanship of Shri B. P. Mandal, has recommended that 27% of vacancies should be reserved for “backward classes,” in addition to the existing reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This reservation will also apply to admissions in educational institutions. State briefly the points which may be urged in favour of and against the above recommendation. What are your views?
      • Consider the recommendations of the Mandal Commission and offer your comments, referring to the situations obtaining in the country.
      • What are the main causes of anti-reservation stir in Gujarat? What are the provisions in our Constitution regarding reservation? Do you consider the policy of reservation justified?
      • Explain the implications of the recent Supreme Court verdict on reservations in private and minority educational institutions.
    • Directive Principles of State Policy
      • Write short notes in 150 words on Directive Principles of State Policy.
      • Mention any three Directive Principles concerning social and economic justice.
      • What additions have been made to the Directive Principles of State Policy since the commencement of the Constitution?
      • State and explain briefly the economic implications of the “Right to Work”.
      • Besides the Directive contained in Part IV, there are certain other Directives addressed to the state in other parts of the Constitution. What are they?
      • What is the constitutional position of Directive Principles of State Policy? How has it been interpreted by the judiciary after the emergency in 1975-77?
      • Discuss the constitutional provisions relating to the non-justiciable directives binding upon the states.
    • Uniform Civil Code
      • What have been the observations of the Supreme Court in a recent judgement in respect of a Uniform Civil Code?
      • Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy.
    • Fundamental Rights vis-à-vis DPSP
      • Differentiate between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. Do you think that the latter have been adequately implemented? Give reasons for your views.
      • Briefly mention why and how the Chapter on Directive Principles gained precedence over the Chapter on Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution.
      • Briefly state the stages through which the present position of the Directive Principles vis-à-vis the Fundamental Rights has emerged.
      • What is the importance of Directive Principles of State Policy? Mention which Directive Principles of State Policy have got primacy over the Fundamental Rights.
      • Bring out the differences between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy. Discuss some of the measures taken by the Union and State Governments for the implementation of the Directive Principles of State Policy.
    • Fundamental Duties
      • Write short note on Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens.
      • Indicate the nature of the Fundamental Duties inserted in our Constitution.
      • What are the fundamental duties and their implications?
      • Write any four fundamental duties prescribed in the Constitution of India.
      • Identify the major Fundamental Duties.
      • Enumerate the Fundamental Duties incorporated in the Constitution after the 42nd Amendment.
      • ‘Essentially all that is contained in Part IV-A of the Constitution is just a codification of tasks integral to the Indian way of life.’ Critically examine this statement.
  1. UPSC IAS (CSE)
  2. UPSC Mains
  3. CONSTITUTION AND POLITY
  4. INDIAN CONSTITUTION: FEATURES & SIGNIFICANT PROVISIONS
  5. Right to property

Right to property

Bring out the significance of the Fundamental Rights provided in the Constitution of India. The right to acquire, hold and dispose of property has ceased to be a fundamental right. Examine the purpose of the change involved. (UPSC 1981, 20 Marks, )

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Answer

Introduction
The Fundamental Rights provided in the Constitution of India are crucial for safeguarding the rights and liberties of the citizens. However, the right to acquire, hold, and dispose of property has been removed as a fundamental right. This change has been made with a specific purpose in mind.
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What is the present status of the Right to Property? (UPSC 1984, 3 Marks, )

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What is the present status of the right to property as a Fundamental Right? (UPSC 1995, 3 Marks, )

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What is the status of the right to property in the Indian Constitution? (UPSC 1999, 3 Marks, )

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