Ethical issues in international relations

At the international level, the bilateral relations between most nations are governed on the policy of promoting one’s own national interest without any regard for the interest of other nations. This leads to conflicts and tensions between the nations. How can ethical consideration help resolve such tensions? Discuss with specific examples. (UPSC 2015, 10 Marks, )

अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर, अधिकांश राष्ट्रों के बीच द्विपक्षीय संबंधों को अन्य राष्ट्रों के हितों की परवाह किए बिना अपने स्वयं के राष्ट्रीय हित को बढ़ावा देने की नीति द्वारा शासित किया जाता है। इससे राष्ट्रों के बीच संघर्ष और तनाव उत्पन्न होते हैं। ऐसे तनावों को हल करने में नैतिक विचार कैसे मदद कर सकते हैं? विशिष्ट उदाहरणों के साथ चर्चा करें
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Introduction
States prioritize their own interests, but incorporating ethical considerations into their decision-making processes can be beneficial in resolving tensions and conflicts between nations.
Explanation
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Strength, peace and security are considered to be the pillars of international relations. Elucidate. (UPSC 2017, 10 Marks, )

Strength, peace और security को अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंधों के स्तंभ माना जाता है
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Introduction
The statement highlights three fundamental elements that play crucial roles in shaping the interactions between countries on the global stage. Each of these pillars represents a distinct aspect of international relations and contributes to the stability, cooperation, and progress of the international community.
Explanation
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Increased national wealth did not result in equitable distribution of its benefits. It has created only some “enclaves of modernity and prosperity for a small minority at the cost of the majority”. Justify. (UPSC 2017, 10 Marks, )

बढ़ी हुई राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति के लाभों का समान वितरण नहीं हुआ। इसने केवल कुछ "आधुनिकता और समृद्धि के द्वीप" एक छोटे अल्पसंख्यक के लिए बनाए हैं, जो बहुसंख्यक की कीमत पर हैं
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Introduction

The statement highlights that despite an increase in national wealth, the benefits have not been distributed equitably, resulting in disparities between a small wealthy minority and the majority of the population.

Explanation
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‘The will to power exists, but it can be tamed and be guided by rationality and principles of moral duty.’ Examine this statement in the context of international relations. (UPSC 2020, 10 Marks, )

‘सत्ता की इच्छा मौजूद है, लेकिन इसे तर्कसंगतता और नैतिक कर्तव्य के सिद्धांतों द्वारा वश में किया जा सकता है और निर्देशित किया जा सकता है’ अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंधों के संदर्भ में इस कथन की जांच करें
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Introduction

The statement suggests that the "will to power" is a natural drive for dominance and control, which exists in in international relations, but it can be managed and directed by rationality and moral principles.

Explanation
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“Refugees should not be turned back to the country where they would face persecution or human rights violation.” Examine the statement with reference to ethical dimension being violated by the nation claiming to be democratic with open society. (UPSC 2021, 10 Marks, )

“शरणार्थियों को उस देश में वापस नहीं भेजा जाना चाहिए जहाँ उन्हें उत्पीड़न या मानवाधिकार उल्लंघन का सामना करना पड़े।” लोकतांत्रिक और खुले समाज का दावा करने वाले राष्ट्र द्वारा उल्लंघन किए जा रहे नैतिक आयाम के संदर्भ में इस कथन की जांच करें
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Russia and Ukraine war has been going on for the last seven months. Different countries have taken independent stands and actions keeping in view their different aspects of society, including human tragedy. What are those ethical issues that are crucial to be considered while launching the war and its continuation so far? Illustrate with justification the ethical issues involved in the given state of affair. (UPSC 2022, 10 Marks, )

रूस और यूक्रेन युद्ध पिछले सात महीनों से चल रहा है। विभिन्न देशों ने अपने समाज के विभिन्न पहलुओं को ध्यान में रखते हुए स्वतंत्र रुख और कार्यवाही की है, जिसमें मानव त्रासदी भी शामिल है। युद्ध शुरू करने और इसके अब तक जारी रहने के दौरान किन नैतिक मुद्दों पर विचार करना महत्वपूर्ण है? दिए गए स्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को औचित्य के साथ स्पष्ट करें
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"It is not enough to all about peace, one must believe in it; and it is not enough to believe in it, one must act upon it." In the present context, the major weapon industries of the developed nations are adversely influencing continuation of number of wars for their own self-interest. What are the ethical considerations of the powerful nations in today's international arena to stop continuation of ongoing conflicts? (UPSC 2024, 10 Marks, )

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Carl von Clausewitz once said, "War is a diplomacy by other means." Critically analyse the above statement in the present context of contemporary geo-political conflict. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, )

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