Ethical Dilemma

What do each of the following quotations mean to you in the present context? “The true rule, in determining to embrace, or reject any thing, is not whether it has any evil in it; but whether it has more evil than good. There are few things wholly evil or wholly good. Almost everything, especially of governmental policy, is an inseparable compound of the two; so that our best judgement of the preponderance between them is continually demanded.” - Abraham Lincoln. (UPSC 2018, 10 Marks, )

"सच्चा नियम, किसी चीज़ को अपनाने या अस्वीकार करने का निर्णय लेते समय, यह नहीं है कि उसमें कोई बुराई है या नहीं; बल्कि यह है कि उसमें अच्छाई से अधिक बुराई है या नहीं। कुछ ही चीज़ें पूरी तरह से बुरी या पूरी तरह से अच्छी होती हैं। लगभग हर चीज़, विशेष रूप से सरकारी नीति, इन दोनों का अविभाज्य मिश्रण होती है; इसलिए हमारे सर्वोत्तम निर्णय की आवश्यकता होती है कि इनमें से कौन सा अधिक है" - अब्राहम लिंकन
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Introduction

The quotation emphasizes the need to assess decisions based on a balance of good and evil rather than seeking absolutes.

It underscores that most choices, particularly in government policy, are a blend of both positive and negative elements.

Explanation
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Explain the process of resolving ethical dilemmas in Public Administration. (UPSC 2018, 10 Marks, )

सार्वजनिक प्रशासन में नैतिक दुविधाओं को सुलझाने की प्रक्रिया समझाएं
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Introduction

Ethical dilemmas are common in public administration, where decision-makers must balance competing values and interests.

A structured approach is vital to navigate these dilemmas effectively.

Explanation
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Besides domain knowledge, a public official needs innovativeness and creativity of a high order as well, while resolving ethical dilemmas. Discuss with suitable example. (UPSC 2021, 10 Marks, )

डोमेन ज्ञान के अलावा, एक सार्वजनिक अधिकारी को नैतिक दुविधाओं को हल करते समय उच्च स्तर की नवाचारिता और रचनात्मकता की भी आवश्यकता होती है। उपयुक्त उदाहरण के साथ चर्चा करें
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Introduction

Public officials often face complex ethical dilemmas in their roles.

In addition to domain knowledge, innovativeness and creativity are crucial attributes for addressing these challenges effectively.

Explanation
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In the present digital age, social media has revolutionised our way of communication and interaction. However, it has raised several ethical issues and challenges. Describe the key ethical dilemmas in this regard. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, )

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Keeping the national security in mind, examine the ethical dilemmas related to controversies over environmental clearance of development projects in ecologically sensitive border areas in the country. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, )

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